By: Muhammad Abduh Tuasikal

Alhamdulillah, a few weeks we will enter the moon Dzulhijah, in particular we will celebrate Eid al-Adha. When the feast until tasyriq days, we will meet with an annual routine, the slaughter qurban. In this edition of At-Tawheed Bulletin this time and next, we will discuss more specifically on the question qurban. The theme will be raised is about the regulations regarding the slaughter of animals qurban and may or absence of a collective at the time. From this discussion we will also know the mistakes in the urunan qurban slaughter which is common in the middle of society. I hope that this modest benefit.

Animals used for slaughter qurban are camels, cattle [1], and goats. Even the scholars berijma '(agreement) is not valid if a person do with other than cattle slaughtered earlier. [2]

Terms Of Goat Sacrifice

Qurban a goat just for one person and may reward is intended for all family members although the numbers are much, or even who had died. "At the time of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam there is someone (husband) to slaughter a goat as qurban for himself and his family." [3] Ash Syaukani said, "(From many scholars dispute that there is), that's right, goat qurban be intended for one family in the family although there are 100 people or more." [4]

Terms of Cow and Camel Sacrifice

A cow may be qurban to 7 people. While a camel for 10 people (or 7 persons) [5]. From Ibn Abbas radhiyallahu'anhu he said, "We used to penah bersafar together Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam then came the feast of Eid al-Adha so we associate qurban ten people to a camel. While our association to a cow as much as seven people. "[6]

Similarly, of those who participated urunan qurban cow or camel, each of which may be intended it for himself and his family. Note the fatwa of Al Lajnah Ad Da-Imah follows.

Question: Can a Muslim berqurban camel or a cow for seven people, then each one has intended for parents, children, relatives, teachers and other Muslims. Is urunan seven people were each intended for one person alone (without the other) or the reward may be to the other?

Answer: What is taught, camels and cattle are allowed to seven people. Every seventh person may meniatkan for himself and family members. [7]

How Law Qurban Collectively?

As set forth above, one goat may only be for one person (and may be intended for family members), one cow for seven people (including family members), and one camel to ten people (including family members), then what if a goat made qurban for 10 people or for one school (which has a student hundreds of people) or a village? Some do like this on the grounds that such limited funds.

In response, it is good we look fatwa scholars who gathered in Al Lajnah Ad Da-Imah (fatwa committee in Saudi Arabia) on this subject.

Problem: There is a father who died. Then his son wanted to berqurban to his father.However, there is suggesting to him, "You can not slaughter a camel to qurban one person. We recommend that slaughter was one of the goats. Because camel greater than goats. So who said "Slaughter camel", that's wrong. " Because if you want to sacrifice the camel, it must be with a joint venture together.

Answer: It may sacrifice on behalf of someone who died, either with a goat or a camel.The people who say that the camel may only be slaughtered by a joint venture together, then the words he is in fact wrong. However, goats are not valid except for one person and Shohibul qurban (people who berqurban) may reward qurban goat had intended it to members of his family. The camel may be for one or seven people with berqurban together. Seven people were later allowed to venture within qurban one camel. While the cow, the case is similar to the camel. [8]

From this explanation, then we can take a few lessons:

An actor with a goat may qurban qurbannya behalf of himself and his family.
Qurban with cows or camels may be carried by seven people.
What is meant for one person goats, cows and camels to seven people are in trouble people who bear the cost.
Not valid with a goat berqurban collectively / urunan more than one person and intended on behalf jama'ah, school, RT or village. Goats are slaughtered in this way is normal goat meat and not meat qurban.
The solution in Sacrifice Contributions

The solution can we offer to issue a joint contribution qurban animal is to show qurban social gathering. So every year some people can turn to berqurban. Among the permissible reasons for this is because some scholars allow the debt to do qurban.

Imam Ahmad bin Hambal say about people who can not afford aqiqah, "If someone is unable aqiqah, then he should seek utangan and hope God will help pay it off. Because this will turn on the teachings of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. "[9] as well as aqiqah Qurban.

Sufyan Ats Thaury said, "Once Abu Hatim utangan and he never sought any herding camels to be slaughtered. And he said to her, "Do you really find utangan and has led camels to be slaughtered?" Abu Hatim said, "I have heard the word of God (which means)," You'll get a lot of goodness to him. "(Surat al-Hajj: 36 ) "[10]

Note:

Those who follow social gathering should be the person whose name is enabled for gathering meaningful debt.
Goat prices can change every year. Therefore, the social gathering in the first year exceeded setorannya better than expected price of a goat for that year.
When slaughtering equipment on behalf of an individual (one person to the goat or seven people for cattle and camels) and not on behalf jama'ah or group gathering.
What about Hadeeth "This is qurbanku and qurban anyone from my Ummah who have not berqurban"?

Some people have a reasonable point qurban collectively exceed the provisions of shari'ah as those mentioned above by reason of the hadeeth Jabir ibn 'Abdillah follows, "I'm with the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam attend Eid al-Adha prayers in the field.After the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam berkhutbah, he came down from the pulpit and then he handed over a sheep. Then he cut with his hands, then said, "Bismillah, wallahu akbar. This is qurbanku and qurban anyone from my Ummah who did not participate berqurban "." [11] They argued that the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam just intend for all his people who do not berqurban, it means that we may intend qurban for one RT, a schoolgirl or one village.

Disclaimer: Regarding the hadeeth "qurban anyone who did not participate berqurban", is reserved for the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam, and not much else. So, he was allowed to sacrifice for the entire ummah (besides his family). While his people are only allowed to slaughter qurban for himself and his family as explained in advance.

Al Qodhi Abu Ishaq said, "Words of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam-is-wallahu a'lam as someone may berqurban for himself and his family, the Prophet sallallaahu' alaihi wa sallam may berqurban on behalf of all Muslims because he was their father and wife He and wife is their mother. "[12] Therefore, the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam was the father of the Muslims, then he is allowed meniatkan qurban for himself and his family (ie all Muslims).

Conclusion

Qurban slaughter for themselves and families are allowed as the majority opinion of scholars. This is based on the deeds performed by the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam and his companions.
Qurban slaughter for themselves and for all Muslims in addition to the family is special for the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. The evidence, the companions no one doing so after the death of the Prophet sallallaahu 'alaihi wa sallam. That they have just slaughtered qurban for yourself and family.
Most of the Muslims who slaughtered qurban to one school or to a single RT or for one village was mistaken, as this is not done by the salaf earlier.
Hopefully this presentation useful. [M. Tuasikal Abduh, ST]

Quoted from http://buletin.muslim.or.id